mm: convert VM_PFNMAP tracking to pfnmap_track() + pfnmap_untrack()

Let's use our new interface.  In remap_pfn_range(), we'll now decide
whether we have to track (full VMA covered) or only lookup the cachemode
(partial VMA covered).

Remember what we have to untrack by linking it from the VMA.  When
duplicating VMAs (e.g., splitting, mremap, fork), we'll handle it similar
to anon VMA names, and use a kref to share the tracking.

Once the last VMA un-refs our tracking data, we'll do the untracking,
which simplifies things a lot and should sort our various issues we saw
recently, for example, when partially unmapping/zapping a tracked VMA.

This change implies that we'll keep tracking the original PFN range even
after splitting + partially unmapping it: not too bad, because it was not
working reliably before.  The only thing that kind-of worked before was
shrinking such a mapping using mremap(): we managed to adjust the
reservation in a hacky way, now we won't adjust the reservation but leave
it around until all involved VMAs are gone.

If that ever turns out to be an issue, we could hook into VM splitting
code and split the tracking; however, that adds complexity that might not
be required, so we'll keep it simple for now.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250512123424.637989-5-david@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>	[x86 bits]
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Betkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@gmail.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jani Nikula <jani.nikula@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Jonas Lahtinen <joonas.lahtinen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: "Masami Hiramatsu (Google)" <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleinxer <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tvrtko Ursulin <tursulin@ursulin.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

include/linux/mm_inline.h

@@ -447,6 +447,8 @@ static inline bool anon_vma_name_eq(struct anon_vma_name *anon_name1,
 
 #endif  /* CONFIG_ANON_VMA_NAME */
 
+void pfnmap_track_ctx_release(struct kref *ref);
+
 static inline void init_tlb_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm)
 {
 	atomic_set(&mm->tlb_flush_pending, 0);

include/linux/mm_types.h

@@ -763,6 +763,14 @@ struct vma_numab_state {
 	int prev_scan_seq;
 };
 
+#ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
+struct pfnmap_track_ctx {
+	struct kref kref;
+	unsigned long pfn;
+	unsigned long size;	/* in bytes */
+};
+#endif
+
 /*
  * Describes a VMA that is about to be mmap()'ed. Drivers may choose to
  * manipulate mutable fields which will cause those fields to be updated in the
@@ -900,6 +908,9 @@ struct vm_area_struct {
 	struct anon_vma_name *anon_name;
 #endif
 	struct vm_userfaultfd_ctx vm_userfaultfd_ctx;
+#ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
+	struct pfnmap_track_ctx *pfnmap_track_ctx;
+#endif
 } __randomize_layout;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA

mm/memory.c

@@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@ copy_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma)
 	struct mm_struct *dst_mm = dst_vma->vm_mm;
 	struct mm_struct *src_mm = src_vma->vm_mm;
 	struct mmu_notifier_range range;
-	unsigned long next, pfn = 0;
+	unsigned long next;
 	bool is_cow;
 	int ret;
 
@@ -1381,12 +1381,6 @@ copy_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma)
 	if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(src_vma))
 		return copy_hugetlb_page_range(dst_mm, src_mm, dst_vma, src_vma);
 
-	if (unlikely(src_vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP)) {
-		ret = track_pfn_copy(dst_vma, src_vma, &pfn);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
-	}
-
 	/*
 	 * We need to invalidate the secondary MMU mappings only when
 	 * there could be a permission downgrade on the ptes of the
@@ -1428,8 +1422,6 @@ copy_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *dst_vma, struct vm_area_struct *src_vma)
 		raw_write_seqcount_end(&src_mm->write_protect_seq);
 		mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
 	}
-	if (ret && unlikely(src_vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP))
-		untrack_pfn_copy(dst_vma, pfn);
 	return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1924,9 +1916,6 @@ static void unmap_single_vma(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 	if (vma->vm_file)
 		uprobe_munmap(vma, start, end);
 
-	if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP))
-		untrack_pfn(vma, 0, 0, mm_wr_locked);
-
 	if (start != end) {
 		if (unlikely(is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))) {
 			/*
@@ -2872,6 +2861,36 @@ int remap_pfn_range_notrack(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 	return error;
 }
 
+#ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
+static inline struct pfnmap_track_ctx *pfnmap_track_ctx_alloc(unsigned long pfn,
+		unsigned long size, pgprot_t *prot)
+{
+	struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx;
+
+	if (pfnmap_track(pfn, size, prot))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	ctx = kmalloc(sizeof(*ctx), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (unlikely(!ctx)) {
+		pfnmap_untrack(pfn, size);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	ctx->pfn = pfn;
+	ctx->size = size;
+	kref_init(&ctx->kref);
+	return ctx;
+}
+
+void pfnmap_track_ctx_release(struct kref *ref)
+{
+	struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx = container_of(ref, struct pfnmap_track_ctx, kref);
+
+	pfnmap_untrack(ctx->pfn, ctx->size);
+	kfree(ctx);
+}
+#endif /* __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING */
+
 /**
  * remap_pfn_range - remap kernel memory to userspace
  * @vma: user vma to map to
@@ -2884,20 +2903,51 @@ int remap_pfn_range_notrack(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
  *
  * Return: %0 on success, negative error code otherwise.
  */
+#ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
 int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 		    unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
 {
+	struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx = NULL;
 	int err;
 
-	err = track_pfn_remap(vma, &prot, pfn, addr, PAGE_ALIGN(size));
-	if (err)
+	size = PAGE_ALIGN(size);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we cover the full VMA, we'll perform actual tracking, and
+	 * remember to untrack when the last reference to our tracking
+	 * context from a VMA goes away. We'll keep tracking the whole pfn
+	 * range even during VMA splits and partial unmapping.
+	 *
+	 * If we only cover parts of the VMA, we'll only setup the cachemode
+	 * in the pgprot for the pfn range.
+	 */
+	if (addr == vma->vm_start && addr + size == vma->vm_end) {
+		if (vma->pfnmap_track_ctx)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		ctx = pfnmap_track_ctx_alloc(pfn, size, &prot);
+		if (IS_ERR(ctx))
+			return PTR_ERR(ctx);
+	} else if (pfnmap_setup_cachemode(pfn, size, &prot)) {
 		return -EINVAL;
+	}
 
 	err = remap_pfn_range_notrack(vma, addr, pfn, size, prot);
-	if (err)
-		untrack_pfn(vma, pfn, PAGE_ALIGN(size), true);
+	if (ctx) {
+		if (err)
+			kref_put(&ctx->kref, pfnmap_track_ctx_release);
+		else
+			vma->pfnmap_track_ctx = ctx;
+	}
 	return err;
 }
+
+#else
+int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
+		    unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t prot)
+{
+	return remap_pfn_range_notrack(vma, addr, pfn, size, prot);
+}
+#endif
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(remap_pfn_range);
 
 /**

mm/mmap.c

@@ -1784,11 +1784,6 @@ __latent_entropy int dup_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm, struct mm_struct *oldmm)
 		tmp = vm_area_dup(mpnt);
 		if (!tmp)
 			goto fail_nomem;
-
-		/* track_pfn_copy() will later take care of copying internal state. */
-		if (unlikely(tmp->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP))
-			untrack_pfn_clear(tmp);
-
 		retval = vma_dup_policy(mpnt, tmp);
 		if (retval)
 			goto fail_nomem_policy;

mm/mremap.c

@@ -1191,10 +1191,6 @@ static int copy_vma_and_data(struct vma_remap_struct *vrm,
 	if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
 		clear_vma_resv_huge_pages(vma);
 
-	/* Tell pfnmap has moved from this vma */
-	if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP))
-		untrack_pfn_clear(vma);
-
 	*new_vma_ptr = new_vma;
 	return err;
 }

mm/vma_init.c

@@ -71,8 +71,52 @@ static void vm_area_init_from(const struct vm_area_struct *src,
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
 	dest->vm_policy = src->vm_policy;
 #endif
+#ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
+	dest->pfnmap_track_ctx = NULL;
+#endif
 }
 
+#ifdef __HAVE_PFNMAP_TRACKING
+static inline int vma_pfnmap_track_ctx_dup(struct vm_area_struct *orig,
+		struct vm_area_struct *new)
+{
+	struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx = orig->pfnmap_track_ctx;
+
+	if (likely(!ctx))
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't expect to ever hit this. If ever required, we would have
+	 * to duplicate the tracking.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(kref_read(&ctx->kref) >= REFCOUNT_MAX))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	kref_get(&ctx->kref);
+	new->pfnmap_track_ctx = ctx;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void vma_pfnmap_track_ctx_release(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	struct pfnmap_track_ctx *ctx = vma->pfnmap_track_ctx;
+
+	if (likely(!ctx))
+		return;
+
+	kref_put(&ctx->kref, pfnmap_track_ctx_release);
+	vma->pfnmap_track_ctx = NULL;
+}
+#else
+static inline int vma_pfnmap_track_ctx_dup(struct vm_area_struct *orig,
+		struct vm_area_struct *new)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline void vma_pfnmap_track_ctx_release(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 struct vm_area_struct *vm_area_dup(struct vm_area_struct *orig)
 {
 	struct vm_area_struct *new = kmem_cache_alloc(vm_area_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
@@ -83,6 +127,11 @@ struct vm_area_struct *vm_area_dup(struct vm_area_struct *orig)
 	ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(orig->vm_flags);
 	ASSERT_EXCLUSIVE_WRITER(orig->vm_file);
 	vm_area_init_from(orig, new);
+
+	if (vma_pfnmap_track_ctx_dup(orig, new)) {
+		kmem_cache_free(vm_area_cachep, new);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 	vma_lock_init(new, true);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new->anon_vma_chain);
 	vma_numab_state_init(new);
@@ -97,5 +146,6 @@ void vm_area_free(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 	vma_assert_detached(vma);
 	vma_numab_state_free(vma);
 	free_anon_vma_name(vma);
+	vma_pfnmap_track_ctx_release(vma);
 	kmem_cache_free(vm_area_cachep, vma);
 }